A Comparison of Recruitment Strategies Among Brachyuran Crustacean Megalopae of the York River, Lower Chesapeake Bay and Adjacent Shelf Waters

Twenty-one stations forming a transect of the Pamunkey River, York River, lower Chesapeake Bay and adjacent coastal waters were sampled from July through September 1980. The megalopa stages of 11 brachyuran species were sampled. Vertical and horizontal distributions are described for each species in relation to salinity and water column stratification. The megalopae are assigned to three apparent recruitment strategies: retained estuarine, expelled estuarine and retained coastal megalopae. the megalopa stages of estuarine adults, such as Hexapanopeus angustifrons, Neopanope sayi, Panopeus herbstii and Pinnotheres ostreum, are retained in estuarine epibenthic waters, while Rhithropanopeus harrisii are retained in slightly shallower estuarine waters. The larvae of some estuarine species such as Callinectes sapidus, Uca spp. and Pinnixa sp., are expelled from the estuary, resulting in maximum megalopal abundances on the shelf. Differences in vertical distribution, distance from the bay entrance and the proportion of the catch within the estuary suggest the megalopa is important in reinvasion of the estuary for Uca spp. and Pinnixa sp., but facultatively reinvasive for Callinectes sapidus. Two shelf species, Portunus sp. and Cancer irroratus are most abundant in the neuston of shelf waters and thus their dispersal to the estuary is impeded. Another shelf form Libinia spp., is commonly found as an adult in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Although their megalopae are most common in the epibenthos on the shelf, 9% are found in the bay. All megalopae displayed a strong tendency to be distributed either above or below a pycnocline, when present. Five species show significant shifts in vertical distribution between stratified and homogeneous water columns. No evidence of decreased dispersal is found for increasingly estuarine species

A survey of the adult trematodes from fishes of the Pacific Marine Station area

An effort is here made to assemble all of our knowledge of all adult trematodes which have been found in the fishes of the Pacific Marine Station Area. This includes publications, unpublished material such as graduate theses, and specimens herein described for the first time. It is hoped that this endeavor will facilitate further investigation in trematodology and that this paper will be an aid in identification of trematodes subsequently discovered

Evaluating the Use of Monetary Incentive in Text-Delivered Sexually Transmitted Infection Education

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported increases in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis from 2016 to 2017 despite numerous testing and education programs. In addition, young adults are at an increased risk of STIs.Aim: To describe the effectiveness of monetary incentives provided to college females for engaging with automated mobile messaging delivered education over the course of six weeks concerning sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted at a large Southeastern, public university in the United States. One hundred and fifty-six female college students (18-24 years in age) participated in a mobile messaging and marketing automation platform delivered once a week for six weeks. Engagement with weekly education was measured by clicks on educational content.Results: Out of the six messages, χ2 analysis revealed that paid participants were more likely to engage with the STI education in weeks two, four, five, and six. In this study, simple linear regression ANOVA confirmed that compensation was the main extrinsic motivator for engagement rather than other factors, such as the delivery method.Conclusions: Monetary incentive can increase engagement with STI education in college females while mobile messaging also has the potential

Wonder-Working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England 1628-1651

Late in the year 1653, but under date of 1654, Nathaniel Brooke, a London publisher, at the Angel in Cornhill, brought out a small octavo book of two hundred and thirty-six pages, entitled A History of New-England, from the English planting in the Yeere 1628 untill the Yeere 1652, etc. The title, inexact in any case, for the book is rather a history of Massachusetts than of all New England, was evidently affixed by the publisher. His advertisements show that at one time he thought of giving the book the title Historicall Relation of the First Planting of the English in New England in the Year 1628 to the Year 1653 and all the Materiall Passages happening there. But many reiterations in the text of the book show that the author\u27s own title for his production was that which appears in the running headlines of the printed book, and by which it has been generally known, The Wonder-working Providence of Sion\u27s Saviour in New England. The author\u27s name nowhere appears in the book

The effects of aneuploidy on gene expression in a dosage series of maize chromosome arm 1L /

Aneuploidy is a class of genetic conditions involving an unbalanced number of chromosomes. The most familiar human aneuploid condition is trisomy 21, called Down syndrome. Aneuploid conditions necessarily involve a change in the dosage of those genes which are located on the varied chromosome. However, the dosage level of a gene does not automatically correspond to the amount of RNA or protein that will be produced in vivo. Based on previously published studies, the impact of chromosome dosage changes on the transcription of single genes may be direct, inverse, or anywhere in between; and genes may be impacted anywhere in the genome, not just on the varied chromosome. Using a maize model system, a dosage series of plants was produced in which sibling plants are identical, except for the copy number of chromosome arm 1L. These plants were grown until 45 days postgermination, at which point leaf tissue was collected for RNA extraction. This dosage series included 5 dosage levels for comparison: diploid, trisomic, tetrasomic, haploid, and disomic haploid. A second dosage series was grown up to day 55, and included diploid, monosomic, and trisomic. Using RNA sequencing, expression levels for all genes were determined. The results were analyzed in aggregate, allowing for a view of effects on the level of the whole transcriptome. Results suggest that dosage of genes on the varied chromosome region has some correlation with expression of those genes, though the change compared to a diploid is often partial. Inverse relationships between chromosome dosage and RNA expression of genes elsewhere in the genome are seen to occur. Both direct and inverse reactions were amplified by increased levels of genomic imbalance. The kinetics of interacting proteins and other cellular components, as described in the gene balance hypothesis, may be the mechanism leading to these responses. Using the same methods of analysis, similar phenomena were observed in aneuploid/euploid comparisons in other organisms. Partial dosage compensation and inverse effects were observed in published datasets from aneuploid yeast and mouse. A set of trisomics in Arabidopsis displayed the same effects, though to a different extent in different trisomies. Using a published database of transcription factors, the responses of genes to dosage changes of their regulators was analyzed. A number of cascade effects were observed, in which inverse relationships of transcription factor dosage and target gene expression occurred sequentially, disrupting normal regulation of several genes in a network by changing the dosage of a single component.Dr. James Birchler, Dissertation Supervisor.|Includes vita.Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-90)

Virtue Ethics in the Works of Iris Murdoch and Flannery O\u27Connor

This panel presents several research papers written for a course in Literary Criticism. This course studied the relationship of Virtue Ethics to philosophy, connecting this relationship to the fiction writings of Iris Murdoch and Flannery O\u27Conner

What the schools teach: a social history of the American Curriculum since 1950

The purpose of this essay is to frame a social history of the American school curriculum since 1950 by exploring the interplay between proposals that have been advanced for what the schools should teach and what actually has occurred as schools have attempted to put those recommendations into practice. Our starting point is the life adjustment education movement and the conflict that emerged between its champions and another group of curriculum reformers enamored of discipline-centered curriculum reform. The resulting essay examines the conflict between these two groups of reformers from the 1950s onward and consideres its impact on what the schools have taught. We will then consider how that conflict has played itself out from the 1970s onward and what that tells us about the contemporary school curriculum